Case Study: Big Bang Cosmology
Introduction
The Big Bang theory, now the dominant scientific model for the origin of the universe, has a surprising history at the intersection of science and religion. Proposed in the early 20th century, it initially met resistance from many scientists, while some religious thinkers saw it as supportive of the idea of creation.
The Scientific Breakthrough
In the 1920s, Belgian priest and physicist Georges Lemaître proposed that the universe began from a “primeval atom”, an initial singularity that expanded into the cosmos we know today. This theory suggested the universe had a beginning in time, rather than being eternal.
Evidence mounted:
Religious Context
The idea of a universe with a definite beginning resonated with many Christian theologians, who connected it to the doctrine of creation ex nihilo (creation from nothing). Pope Pius XII even proclaimed the Big Bang as scientific confirmation of Genesis, though Lemaître himself cautioned against drawing direct theological conclusions.
The Conflict with Science
Ironically, resistance came not from religion but from many scientists. Some favored the “Steady State” model, which proposed that the universe has always existed and new matter is continually created. They feared that a beginning would open the door to religious explanations.
Cultural Impact
The Big Bang illustrates a reversal of the usual narrative:
Ongoing Legacy
Today, the Big Bang is central to modern cosmology, paired with theories about cosmic inflation and dark energy. Religious thinkers continue to reflect on its implications, while scientists stress that the Big Bang does not explain what, if anything, came before.
Why It Matters
The Big Bang story shows that: